Governance of the Colonies

Privy Council- A privy council is a body that advises the head of state of a nation, typically, but not always, in the context of a monarchic government. The word "privy" means "private" or "secret"; thus, a privy council was originally a committee of the monarch's closest advisors to give confidential advice on affairs of state

Parliament- A parliament is a legislature, especially in those countries whose system of government is based on the Westminster system modeled after that of the United Kingdom. The name is derived from the French parlement, the action of parler (to speak): a parlement is a discussion. The term came to mean a meeting at which such a discussion took place. It acquired its modern meaning as it came to be used for the body of people (in an institutional sense) who would meet to discuss matters of state.

bicameral legislature- is the practice of having two legislative or parliamentary chambers. Thus, a bicameral parliament or bicameral legislature is a legislature which consists of two chambers or houses.

House of Burgesses- the first assembly of elected representatives of English colonists in North America. The House was established by the Virginia Company, who created the body as part of an effort to encourage English craftsmen to settle in North America. Its first meeting was held in Jamestown, Virginia, on July 30, 1619.

town meetings-  is a form of direct democratic rule, used primarily in portions of the United States since the 17th century, in which most or all the members of a community come together to legislate policy and budgets for local government.

John Peter Zenger - was a German-American printer, publisher, editor and journalist in New York City. He was a defendant in a landmark legal case in American jurisprudence that determined that truth was a defense against charges of libel and "laid the foundation for American press freedom

libel-  is a false, malicious statement published in mainstream media (i.e. on the internet, in a magazine, etc.). (If the defamatory statements are only spoken, they are called "slander".) It is somewhat synonymous to defamation

Dominion of New England-  was an administrative union of English colonies in the New England region of North America. present-day Maine, New Hampshire, Vermont, Massachusetts, Rhode Island, Connecticut, New York, and New Jersey

Edmund Andros- was an English colonial administrator in North America. Andros was known most notably for his governorship of the Dominion of New England during most of its three-year existence.

The Glorious Revolution-  is the overthrow of King James II of England (James VII of Scotland and James II of Ireland) by a union of English Parliamentarians with the Dutch stadtholder William III of Orange-Nassau (William of Orange). William's successful invasion of England with a Dutch fleet and army led to his ascending the English throne as William III of England jointly with his wife Mary II of England.
English Bill of Rights - It was a restatement in statutory form of the Declaration of Right presented by the Convention Parliament to William and Mary in March 1689 (or 1688 by Old Style dating), inviting them to become joint sovereigns of England. It lays down limits on the powers of sovereign and sets out the rights of Parliament and rules for freedom of speech in Parliament, the requirement to regular elections to Parliament and the right to petition the monarch without fear of retribution. It reestablished the liberty of Protestants to have arms for their defence within the rule of law, and condemned James II of England for "causing several good subjects being Protestants to be disarmed at the same time when papists were both armed and employed contrary to law".

Events of the Year

January: 14th Arab Spring: The Tunisian government falls after a month of increasingly violent protests; President Zine El Abidine Ben Ali flees to Saudi Arabia after 23 years in power.
     24th 37 people are killed and more than 180 others wounded in a bombing at Domodedovo International Airport in Moscow, Russia.

February: 11th  Arab Spring: Egyptian President Hosni Mubarak resigns after widespread protests calling for his departure, leaving control of Egypt in the hands of the military until a general election can be held.
     22nd Uncertainty over Libyan oil output causes crude oil prices to rise 20% over a two-week period following the Arab Spring,causing the 2011 energy crisis.

March: 11th  A 9.1-magnitude earthquake and subsequent tsunami hit the east of Japan, killing 15,840 and leaving another 3,926 missing. Tsunami warnings are issued in 50 countries and territories. Emergencies are declared at four nuclear power plants affected by the quake.
     17th Arab Spring and the Libyan civil war: The United Nations Security Council votes 10-0 to create a no-fly zone over Libya in response to allegations of government aggression against civilians

April: 11th Former Ivorian President Laurent Gbagbo is arrested in his home in Abidjan by supporters of elected President Alassane Ouattara with support from French forces thereby ending the 2010–2011 Ivorian crisis and civil war.
     29th An estimated two billion people watch the wedding of Prince William, Duke of Cambridge and Catherine Middleton at Westminster Abbey in London.

May: 1st  U.S. President Barack Obama announces that Osama bin Laden, the founder and leader of the militant group Al-Qaeda, has been killed during an American military operation in Pakistan.
     26th Former Bosnian Serb Army commander Ratko Mladić, wanted for genocide, war crimes and crimes against humanity, is arrested in Serbia.

June: 5th  Arab Spring: Yemeni President Ali Abdullah Saleh travels to Saudi Arabia for treatment of an injury sustained during an attack on the presidential palace. Protesters celebrate his transfer of power to his Vice-President Abd al-Rab Mansur al-Hadi.
     12th Arab Spring: Thousands of Syrians flee to Turkey as Syrian troops lay siege to Jisr ash-Shugur.

July: 7th The world's first artificial organ transplant is achieved, using an artificial windpipe coated with stem cells.
     22nd  76 people are killed in twin terrorist attacks in Norway after a bombing in the Regjeringskvartalet government center in Oslo and a shooting at a political youth camp on the island of Utøya

August: 5th NASA announces that its Mars Reconnaissance Orbiter captured photographic evidence of possible liquid water on Mars during warm seasons.
     20-28th  Arab Spring and the Libyan civil war: In the Battle of Tripoli, Libyan rebels took control the nation's capital effectively overthrowing the government of Muammar Gaddafi

September: 5th  India and Bangladesh sign a pact to end their 40-year border demarcation dispute
     12th Approximately 100 Kenyans die after a petrol pipeline explodes in Nairobi

October: 20th Arab Spring and the Libyan civil war: Libyan leader Muammar Gaddafi is killed in Sirte, with National Transitional Council forces taking control of the city, and ending the war.
     23rd A magnitude 7.2 M_w earthquake jolted eastern Turkey near the city of Van, killing 604 people, and damaging about 2,200 buildings.

November: 26th The Mars Science Laboratory rover Curiosity, the most elaborate Martian exploration vehicle to date, is launched from the Kennedy Space Center. It is slated to land on Mars on August 5, 2012

December: 15th The United States formally declares an end to the Iraq War.
     16th Tropical Storm Washi hits the Philippines causing flash floods, killing more than 957 fatalities, and 49 people are officially listed as missing

Westward movement

With the growth of the industrial revolution people then were able to get enough money and resources to move west. This opened up land development for more people. There was no more room in the eastern united states. The country needed to expand so they moved past the appalachian mountains. This proved its own problems. There were many indian tribes that proved to be problematic for the pioneers. This also lead to more developement for the country. The movement west was extremely important to the country growing. If they hadn't moved the country would be overpopulated and we wouldn't have many things we do now.

The effects of industry

Factories were originally very small owned by individuals or famlies. They still were functioning very well even being small. The smaller fatories were not usually recognized by the big corperations. Later the northeast became the main industry place. It produced many jobs for the country. This growth reduced the need for out of country products to be shipped in. This lead to cities becoming larger and the population growing. This was very important to americas growth.

The growth of industry

In the eighteenth century many machines were created. That started cotton thread machines. That started the industrial revolution. It made the country tons of money. The machines increased production of materials. That also increased jobs. It was a very important part of the countries early economy. It jump started americas economy. Later the sewing machine was invented which increased stuff more. The major US production was cloth and cotton. It was an important time for the United States.

The growth of america

     Between 1790 and 1820 the United States doubled population to 10 million people. It was because of immagration. Many immigrants came to new york. The states became 33 instead of 13. In the 1840s many irish came over because of the potato blight. They worked cheaply because they needed just a little money. laws were changed to accommodate more immigrants. Then many germans move to america. They farmed the land and grew crops. They had more money than the irish so they could afford to live in the country. America became one of the most racially diverse cou tries in the world.

Election of Madison

     When James Madison became the president he had to deal with some bad foreign relations.The war between Britain and France made many restrictions to the americans because the Britains punished americans for trading with France acting under the "Orders in council." Many americans also thought the british were inciting the indian resistance so the relations were getting worse. James Madison wanted to declare war on England. After a few weeks Congress approved the war.